Sudán – De la revolución de 2018-2019 a la guerra civil. Orígenes, evolución y «actores regionales». [Khalid Mustafa Medani] 

Una mujer sudanesa durante una manifestación para exigir un órgano civil que dirija la transición a la democracia, frente al cuartel general del ejército en Jartum, el 12-4-2019. Ahsraf Shazly/AFP vía Getty Images.

Jartum, 16-4-2024. (KEYSTONE/XINHUA/Mohamed Khidir)

Un negocio de compraventa de oro en Atbara, Sudán, 2021. Simon Marks/Bloomberg vía Getty Images.

  1. “Sudan crisis sends shockwaves around the region as displacement, hunger, and malnutrition soar,” WFP, February 19, 2024. ↩
  2. The National Population Council, Ministry of Social Welfare and Security, “Sudan Millennium Development Goals Progress Report, 2010,” July 23, 2012, p. 67. ↩
  3. IMF Country Report No. 13/318: “Sudan: Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper,” (October 2013), p. 6. ↩
  4. “Sudan: Public Expenditure Review, Synthesis Report,” World Bank, Report no. 41840-SD. Washington DC. December 2007. ↩
  5. World Bank: “The Sudan Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Status Report,” (October 2016), p. 1. ↩
  6. Ahmed Gallab, The First Islamic Republic: Development and Disintegration of Islamism in Sudan (Surrey: Ashgate, 2008). ↩
  7. Anne L. Bartlett, “Dismantling the ‘Deep State’ in Sudan,” Australisian Review of African Studies, 41/1, (2020), pp. 51-57. ↩
  8. Harry Verhoeven, “The rise and fall of Sudan’s Al-Ingaz Revolution: The Transition from Militarised Islamism to Economic Salvation and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement,” Civil Wars 15/2 (2013), pp. 118-140. ↩
  9. “Burhan lets the Islamists back in,” Africa Confidential 62/10 (May 12, 2022). ↩
  10. “Al-Burhan forms committee to dissociate al-Bashir’s regime in Sudan,” Middle East Monitor, December 11, 2019. ↩
  11. “Analyzing Trade, Oil and Gold: Recommendations to Support Trade Integrity in Sudan,” Global Financial Integrity, May 2020, p. 3. ↩
  12. “Analyzing Trade, Oil and Gold: Recommendations to Support Trade Integrity in Sudan,” Global Financial Integrity, May 2020, p. 3. ↩
  13. “U.N. Panel of Experts Reveals Gold Smuggling and Cluster Bombs in Darfur,” Relief Web, April 12, 2016. ↩